Seeing, hearing, and feeling causation

How do people decide whether one event caused another? While previous research has focused on visual and auditory cues in causal perception, the role of touch remains underexplored. Here, we investigate how haptic feedback contributes to causal judgments across three psychophysical experiments. In Experiment 1, we introduced force-based haptic feedback to a visual launching paradigm and found that haptic information increased causal judgments compared to visual feedback alone. Experiment 2 combi