Analysis of Commercial Bank Performance Dynamics Based on KBMI1–KBMI4 Using a Panel ECM Approach

This study aims to analyze the performance dynamics of commercial banks in Indonesia based on KBMI1, KBMI2, KBMI3, and KBMI4 groups using a dynamic panel Error Correction Model (ECM) approach. The data used consist of monthly panel data covering the period from June 2025 to January 2026. The ECM model is employed to examine both short-term and long-term relationships among variables affecting bank performance, while also capturing the adjustment process toward long-run equilibrium. The results i