Beyond Scapegoating: Greenhouse Effect Mechanisms and Hydrometeorological Anomalies as Primary Drivers of Disasters-Challenging the Misattribution to Oil Palm Plantations

This study aims to critically examine public attributions that tend to simplify the causes of flash floods and hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia by linking them solely to oil palm plantations. The study employed a qualitative literature review of scientific articles, research reports, and relevant documents from 2020–2025. Data were analyzed using content analysis and narrative synthesis techniques to identify the relationship between climate change, environmental factors, and social dy