Cooperative Game-Theoretic Optimization for Simultaneous Structure Preservation and Noise Suppression in Image Enhancement

Low-light images typically suffer from reduced visibility, blurred edges, and corrupted details. Traditional Retinex-based enhancement frameworks have been widely developed, yet they expose a fundamental trade-off: structure-preserving enhancement often amplifies noise, while noise suppression tends to oversmooth critical structures. Addressing this antagonism requires a principled framework that can balance both objectives within a unified formulation. In this study, we develop a cooperative ga