Synergizing AI and Human Feedback: Effects of ChatGPT-generated and Teacher Corrective Feedback on Thai EFL Students’ Cause-and-Effect Writing

Teacher corrective feedback (TCF) has traditionally aided EFL writing, yet delayed responses and generic guidance often hinder its effectiveness. AI-assisted tools like ChatGPT provide immediate, personalized, and interactive feedback, offering a valuable complement to teacher support and potentially enhancing writing development. This study examined the impact of integrating ChatGPT-generated feedback with TCF on students’ writing abilities in cause-and-effect essays and explored thei