Copper homeostasis networks in pseudomonas aeruginosa and the organocopper metabolite fluopsin C

Abstract Copper is an essential redox-active trace element that serves as a catalytic cofactor in many bacterial enzymes; however, excess intracellular copper is highly cytotoxic due to mismetallation of metalloproteins and copper-driven redox cycling that promotes reactive oxygen species generation through Fenton-like chemistry. To prevent these destructive effects, bacteria maintain near-zero levels of free cytosolic copper through tightly coordinated copper homeostasis networks. This review s