Biomonitoring of bisphenol A, S, and F in urine samples from children in Finland

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are widely used in consumer products and linked to endocrine-disrupting effects. Young children may be especially vulnerable. This study assessed urinary concentrations of BPA, BPS, and BPF in Finnish children and evaluated health risks using biomonitoring guidance values and exposure modeling. First-morning urine samples were collected from 40 children aged 3–6 years in Tampere, Finland. BPA, BPS, and BPF were