The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on the Efficiency of Smallholder Palm Oil Production Inputs

The palm oil industry is closely linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly through its contribution to improving community welfare. Rokan Hulu Regency in Riau Province is one of the regions with the highest palm oil production; however, productivity remains relatively low, especially among smallholder plantations. The mismatch between the natural potential of plantations and farmers’ capacity to utilize production inputs, coupled with high production costs and low-income l