Analysis of Cooling Shelter Service Gaps and Heatwave Vulnerability in Urban Heat Disaster Management: A Case Study of Seoul

This study assessed heatwave vulnerability in Seoul, South Korea, by integrating heat hazards, social vulnerability, and accessibility to cooling shelters. Heat hazard zones were identified using thermal distribution maps and climate data, whereas cooling shelter service blind spots were delineated using pedestrian network analysis. All analyses were conducted at a 100 m grid resolution and integrated to produce a composite heatwave vulnerability map. The results indicate a relatively high vulne