The economic feasibility and farmers’ adoption of battery electric tractors: a systematic literature review

The transition to low-carbon technologies in agriculture has drawn increasing attention, with battery electric tractors (BETs) emerging as a promising alternative to conventional diesel-powered machinery. This study presents a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines to assess the economic feasibility of BETs and factors influencing farmers’ willingness to adopt them. We searched Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2018 and 2025. A total of 63