Dawn–dusk asymmetry of dayside magnetic pileup and horizontal ion transport at Venus under different interplanetary magnetic field orientations

The interaction between the solar wind and the atmosphere of Venus leads to the formation of an induced magnetosphere, within which pronounced dawn–dusk asymmetries are observed in magnetic field pileup and ion transport. These asymmetries are known to depend on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), but the underlying physical mechanisms governing this dependence remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how different IMF orientations influenc