The Conservation–Development Paradox in Brazilian Amazon Extractive Reserves: A 35-Year Systematic Review
Josimar da Silva Freitas·Lucio Keury Almeida Galdino·Marcos Rodrigues·Givanildo de Gois·A. K. O. Homma·Alexandre Almir Ferreira Rivas·Raquel Maia·Daniele das Graças Silva·Kennedy Maia dos Santos·Gelson Dias Florentino·Milton Cordeiro Farias Filho
Reconciling environmental conservation with socioeconomic development remains a fundamental challenge for tropical forest governance. Thirty-five years ago, the Brazilian Amazon pioneered Extractive Reserves (RESEXs) as a radical model for socio-environmental synergy; however, their long-term efficacy faces increasing contestation. Through a systematic review of three and a half decades of research, we analyze the RESEX model’s performance in balancing forest integrity with the livelihoods of tr