Uncovering the Global Burden and Future Trajectories of Nanomagnetite Particle Emissions from Biomass Power Plants

Biomass power plants (BPPs) are expanding rapidly, yet the most toxicologically potent nanoscale fraction of its particulate emissions remains poorly quantified. Here, in vitro assays demonstrate that nanomagnetite particles (NMPs) constitute a disproportionately toxic subfraction of fine particles: despite contributing only 2.3% of particle mass, NMPs account for 59% of cytotoxicity. On this basis, we quantify NMP emissions from BPPs by integrating measured NMP concentrations with data-a