MgO–Driven High-Entropy Engineering in (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 –Based Ceramics for Superior Energy Storage Performance

High-performance dielectric capacitors are essential for advancing the miniaturization of pulsed power devices. High-entropy design has recently emerged as a potent strategy for developing ceramics with superior energy storage properties. In this study, a series of lead-free (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>-based energy storage ceramics were designed via MgO-driven high-entropy engineering. Initially, (Ca<sub>0.5</sub>Ba<sub>0.5</sub>)(Zr<sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>3</s