Dual-metal-sites decoupling ionic transport and mechanical reinforcement in hybrid interface toward stable sodium metal batteries

Sodium (Na) metal batteries (NMBs) offer great potential for high-energy–density storage applications. However, their practical use remains constrained by persistent challenges such as Na dendrite growth and interfacial instability. In this work, we design and fabricate a dual-metal-sites crosslinked polymer interface on Na metal anodes, which synergistically integrates sodiophilic sites, rapid interfacial kinetics, and enhanced mechanical crosslinking. This nanoscale hybrid interface features a