Socioeconomic Factors Dominate the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Ecological Resilience in Environmentally Vulnerable Areas: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau

Under the background of the global “polycrisis”, enhancing ecological resilience has become a key pathway for achieving sustainable urban development, particularly in ecologically fragile regions. This study takes the Loess Plateau as the study area and constructs an evaluation framework for urban ecological resilience based on three dimensions: resistance, adaptability, and recovery. By integrating multi-source data from 1990 to 2020, the spatiotemporal evolution of urban ecological resilience