Insect indicators of the environment: A review of progress toward environmental monitoring

Insects are integral components of ecosystems and, due to their vast diversity and abundance, function as highly sensitive indicators of environmental health and pollution. Their primary significance lies in providing early warning signals of ecological disturbances across diverse habitats. Recent advancements, particularly in environmental DNA (eDNA) and environmental RNA (eRNA) technologies, have transformed insect-based monitoring by significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of ecol