Controlled Sorption Studies of Sprayable Films As Barriers to Smoke-Derived Volatile Phenols in Wine Grapes

Wildfire events have emerged as a persistent threat to viticulture worldwide, creating an urgent need for effective mitigation and preventative practices. This study investigated the use of spray coatings onto grape surfaces to form a physical barrier against smoke-derived volatile phenols. The four film formulations compared included cellulose nanofiber, β-cyclodextrin, chitosan, and a mix of β-cyclodextrin and chitosan. The effectiveness of these films in reducing volatile phenol uptake was ev