Assessing Accessibility and Public Acceptance of Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Seoul, South Korea: A Network-Based Location-Allocation Framework for Sustainable Urban Hydrogen Mobility

Hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are a critical enabling infrastructure for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), yet their deployment in dense metropolitan areas often faces a dual challenge: limited travel-time accessibility for users and low public acceptance driven by perceived safety risks. This study develops an integrated, city-scale framework to quantify HRS accessibility and resident acceptance and to identify expansion priorities for Seoul, South Korea. We combine (i) an online percep