Long‐Term Observations Reveal Non‐Negligible Temperature Contributions to Moist Static Energy During the MJO Transition From Suppressed to Active Phases

Abstract The evolution of moist static energy (MSE) is widely used to understand the organization and propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). Past studies, largely based on reanalysis or short‐term observations, have highlighted humidity as the dominant driver of MJO evolution. Using 14 years of bias‐corrected radiosonde observations from the Department of Energy—Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Facility site at Manus in the western Pacific, we show that temperature has a non‐neglig