Hydrogen energy storage systems for power grid resilience: A comprehensive review and future directions from multidimensional aspects

The rapid transition toward inverter-dominated renewable power systems has substantially reduced rotational inertia, resulting in faster frequency excursions and heightened vulnerability to disturbances. In this context, green hydrogen-enabled power systems—integrating electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, and hydrogen-fueled turbines—are increasingly recognized as a promising pathway to enhance grid stability and resilience while supporting long-term decarbonization goals. This paper pre