Risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Postoperative delirium (POD), a frequent complication following cardiac surgery, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Despite the development of numerous prediction models for estimating the risk of POD, the overall performance and methodological quality of these models are not well understood. To systematically review and meta-analyze the performance of prediction models for postoperative delirium in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with a particular emphasis on model discrim