Multiscale understanding of explosion-induced particle jetting

The explosive dispersal of granular media, exemplified by the rapid radial expansion of a dense particle ring driven by internal pressurised gases, serves as a paradigmatic system for investigating multiphase blast dynamics. Despite the ubiquity of jetting and clustering phenomena in explosive dispersal scenarios, their governing mechanisms remain poorly resolved. In this work, we combine compressible computational fluid dynamics–discrete parcel method simulations, and theoretical modelling to e