Enhancing ancient human ruins classification with residual neural networks using visible near-infrared spectra

Ancient cultural ruins, as tangible evidence of human-environment interaction, provide invaluable historical insights and critical resources for addressing global challenges like climate change and population growth. However, most ruins are indistinguishable and challenging to identify, as they have merged with the surrounding sediments through prolonged natural accumulation and anthropogenic activities. Using SNV in conjunction with the ResNet50 model, this study proposes a novel method for ach