Decarbonizing maritime shipping: A comparative analysis of sustainable energy transitions in Finland and Sweden

The future of global trade and international transport depends on maritime shipping. Yet maritime shipping accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is fossil fuel-dependent. The International Maritime Organization aims for net-zero GHG emissions around 2050. Finland and Sweden are front-runners in sustainable energy transitions to decarbonize maritime shipping. This paper presents a comparative analysis for decarbonizing maritime short-sea shipping in Finland and Sweden, usin