Climate risk and maize productivity: structural pathways and gendered adaptation strategies

Introduction Climate change is increasingly undermining maize production in Ghana, a critical pillar of rural livelihoods and national food security. Prolonged droughts, erratic rainfall, heat stress, and flooding disrupt traditional farming practices and contribute to declining yields, particularly in ecologically vulnerable zones. Methods This study draws on survey data from 149 maize farmers across three communities in the Atwima Nwabiagya South Municipality, located within the semi-deciduous