Interactive Effects of Cadmium and Microplastics on Oxidative Stress and Digestive Physiology in the Male EuryhalineSpecies Poecilia sphenops
Murugan Vasanthakumaran·Jiang-Shiou Hwang·Kadarkarai Murugan·Rajapandian Rajaganesh·Devakumar Dinesh·Pavithra Krishanasamy·Mathan Ramesh·Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar·Sajna Beegum·Mubarak Mammel·Jishnu Panamoly Ayyappan·F. Z. Chen·Sabin Saurav Pokharel·Yan-Guo Wang·Reza Khakvar Khakvar·Karthi Natarajan·Li‐Chun Tseng
The estuarine and coastal regions of India and Taiwan are under increasing threat from pollutants such as microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals including cadmium (Cd). These contaminants are known to have adversely affect biodiversity and water quality. In this study, the combined toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and Cd were evaluated using Poecilia sphenops, a euryhaline fish species, selected for its adaptability to varying salinity conditions. P. sphenops were exposed to Cd