Percutaneous renal sympathetic denervation combined with empirical Purkinje de-networking for electrical storm in congenital long QT syndrome after cardiac sympathetic denervation: a case report with two consecutive patients

Electrical storm in congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) may persist despite maximal β‑blockade, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy, and surgical cardiac sympathetic denervation (SCSD). When no reproducible premature ventricular contractions are documented, catheter ablation targets and procedural endpoints are uncertain. We report two consecutive young adults (LQTS1 and LQTS2) with recurrent ventricular fibrillation and appropriate ICD shocks despite prior left SCSD. In both, si