High-Entropy Catalysts for Biomass-Derived Chemicals Valorization: Mechanisms, Applications, and Opportunities

Abstract The valorization of biomass-derived chemicals into high-value chemicals represents a crucial pathway toward a sustainable and low-carbon economy. However, the structural complexity and multifunctionality of these molecules demand catalysts capable of multisite activation and precise chemo-selectivity. High-entropy catalysts (HECs), which integrate five or more principal elements into a single phase, have recently emerged as a promising materials platform, offering tunable active sites,