Probing observable features of Lorentz violation in low-energy Hořava gravity with accretion disk images of black hole

Abstract In this paper, we study the observable signatures of Lorentz violation (LV) in low-energy Hořava gravity by simulating the images and polarization features of rotating LV black holes using a backward ray-tracing method. Within a thin-disk accretion model and the ZAMO framework, we numerically solve the geodesics equation of photon and simulated the corresponding thin-disk images and polarization patterns. The results show that the LV parameter $$\ell $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w