Internal flow and concentration in neighbouring evaporating binary droplets and rivulets

In this paper, the evaporation of neighbouring multi-component droplets or rivulets – often found in applications such as inkjet printing, spray cooling and pesticide delivery – is studied numerically and theoretically. The proximity induces a shielding effect that reduces individual evaporation rates and disrupts the symmetry of both the concentration profile and the flow field in the liquids. We examine how the symmetry of flow and concentration fields is affected by key parameters, namely the