Toward non-enzymatic glucose sensing based on organic electronics: organic field-effect transistors with multifunctionalized extended-gate electrodes

Accurate glucose analysis has been a major research focus for the past five decades since the pioneering development of enzymatic glucose sensing, driven by the global demand for rapid and reliable diagnostics. In contrast to well-established enzymatic glucose sensors, the development of chemical sensors based on supramolecular receptors remains a developing area. Among the supramolecular receptors for glucose, phenylboronic acid (PBA) derivatives provide unique functions, such as the formation