Quantifying the Impact of Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity in Turbulence on Bed‐Load Transport Over Vegetated Beds Under Wave‐Current Conditions

Abstract Laboratory experiments measured velocity and bedload transport in vegetated channels under current‐dominated, combined wave‐current conditions. Waves and vegetation, respectively, introduced temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the velocity, which significantly impacted sediment transport rate. Compared to pure‐current, the addition of waves only moderately increased (<40%) the time‐mean turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) but introduced temporal peaks in TKE that triggered an exponentia