Coupled interfacial and thermal effects on water imbibition in soil nanopores: A revised Lucas-Washburn framework based on molecular dynamics study

• Physics-informed Lucas-Washburn equation captures nanoscale capillary imbibition. • Coupled interfacial and thermal effects integrated through a scaling factor f . • Model validated across minerals and experiments with R 2 up to 0.95. The classical Lucas-Washburn (LW) equation fails to accurately describe capillary imbibition phenomena in soil nanopores, where nanoconfinement, temperature, and surface charge substantially alter interfacial water behavior. A generalized form of the LW equation