Hydrological mechanisms and vegetation–soil moisture decoupling in restored alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mining areas

The alpine grassland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plays a critical role in maintaining regional water conservation functions and ecological security. However, mining activities have caused severe degradation to alpine grasslands, and current understanding of vegetation reconstruction and soil moisture coupling relationships under different restoration approaches remains limited for the fragile alpine ecosystems in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mining areas, particularly lacking empirical studi