Rationale for incorporating short-term endpoints in interim futility analysis of phase 3 oncology trials: a simulation study

Futility analysis is a critical component of phase III oncology trials, enabling early termination of ineffective treatments to save resources and time. However, these interim analyses are often challenged by insufficient data for long-term primary endpoints, such as overall survival. A comprehensive simulation study was conducted to model various phase III trial scenarios. This simulation study investigates the benefits of utilizing mixture models to incorporate short-term endpoint information