Submesoscale Eddies Buffer the Atlantic Niño/Niña Weakening Under Greenhouse Warming

Abstract The Atlantic Niño/Niña is a leading mode of tropical climate variability with profound global environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Conventionally, its variability is projected to weaken under greenhouse warming, primarily attributed to suppressed basin‐scale air–sea interactions. However, the modulating role of sub‐basin‐scale ocean dynamical processes remains largely unexplored. Here, using an ensemble of high‐resolution climate simulations, we show that submesoscale ocean eddies s