Factors Affecting Academic Achievement: Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling

Academic achievement remains one of the most studied outcomes in educational research, yet the relative contributions of psychological, instructional, and environmental factors are rarely examined simultaneously within a unified empirical framework. This study synthesized findings from 53 peer-reviewed studies, drawn from an initial pool of 10,249 records, using Two-Stage Structural Equation Modeling (TSSEM) to examine how attitude toward learning, achievement motivation, prior knowledge, teachi