Research on Downhole Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Wireless Transmission based on Differential Phase Shift Keying and Forward Error Correction Codes

Due to the complex downhole environment in oil and gas wells, electromagnetic wave wireless transmission suffers from high attenuation, multipath interference, and low signal-to-noise ratio, making long-distance and reliable communication difficult. To address these challenges, a composite modulation method combining Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) is proposed. A downhole channel model incorporating path loss, multipath effects, and noise interference wa