Evaluation of the behavior of low-cost alternative TixMn alloys in Ringer’s solution simulating fever and aggressive infections

• Ti3Mn and Ti6Mn alloys were studied at 25 °C, 40 °C (simulating fever conditions) and pH = 1.2 (infection). • Mn addition refines microstructure and stabilizes the β phase in Ti-xMn alloys. • Lower elastic modulus than Ti6Al4V improved the compatibility with bone tissue. • Mn promotes the formation of protective Ti-Mn oxide, enhancing the passivity. Among titanium (Ti) alloys, titanium-manganese alloys (TixMn, where x = 3 and 6 wt%) are highlighted for their specific strength, deformability an