Changing Rainfall Drives Locally Asynchronous Reproduction of Tropical Birds via Modular Trophic Pathways

Phenological shifts are a pervasive response to climate change but remain poorly understood in the hyperdiverse tropics. Combining comprehensive multitrophic datasets and in situ meteorological data, we test classic hypotheses linking reproduction to the timing and magnitude of rainfall across trophic levels in tropical birds. In low-latitude mountains, breeding was primarily seasonal and varied based on diet. Consistent with the regional timing of wet and dry seasons, bird species that consume