Transformation Process Analysis of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate to Hydroxyapatite by In Situ Fluorescence Dual Probe

To characterize the transformation process of ACP to HAP (ACP-HAP) regulated by poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), an in situ fluorescence dualprobe method was established using Eu³⁺ and tetracarboxylic acid tetraphenylethylene (TCPE). Based on the principles of the Eu³⁺ hypersensitive transition matching the asymmetry of the crystal field environment and the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of TCPE, the characteristics of the ACP-HAP process were successfully visualized through t