Influence of the burial depth of series-connected shallow vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers on rock mass temperature

• Different the burial depth of series-connected shallow vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers were studied. • The burial depth of series-connected shallow vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers significantly changed the temperature field of rock mass. • A model of influence of the burial depth of series-connected shallow vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers on rock mass temperature was proposed. This study investigated the influence of the burial depth ( H ) of series-connected shallow verti