Midbrain dopamine neurons promote reinforcement learning and movement vigor. An outstanding question is how dopamine-recipient neurons in the striatum parse these heterogeneous signals. Previous work suggests that cholinergic striatal interneurons may gate dopamine-dependent plasticity, but this has not been tested in behaving animals. Here we studied rats performing a decision-making task with reward-related and movement-related events. Optical measurement of dopamine and acetylcholine release