Reconstruction of the effective energy-deposition vertex of muon showers using PMT waveform in a large-scale liquid scintillator detector

Abstract Cosmogenic muon-induced radioactive isotopes pose a significant background source for deep-underground low-background experiments. Although rock overburdens at underground sites substantially attenuate the cosmogenic muon flux, residual muon-induced backgrounds still require active suppression. For future multi-kiloton liquid scintillator (LS) detectors, such as the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), shower muons contribute to more than 88% of all muon-induced isotopes. C