• Mineral-interlocking strategy for the synergistic co-utilization of phosphogypsum and shotcrete waste residue is proposed. • High-pressure compaction constructed a dense interlocking microstructure. • PG-based road materials exhibit strong fluorine and phosphorus environmental safety. This work presents a novel mineral-interlocking strategy for the synergistic co-utilization of phosphogypsum (PG) and shotcrete waste residue (SWR) to develop high-performance, environmentally safe road materials