Community structure and composition of avian species in heterogeneous habitats of East Africa protected forest reserve, implications for planning sustainable bird tourism in Central Uganda

Birds play significant ecological roles supporting pollination, seed dispersal, pest control, and avitourism, offering economic benefits for communities. However, limited data on avian diversity, distribution, and behavior in Tropical Africa, hinders effective conservation and avitourism development. This study aimed to assess the community structure and composition of avifauna across habitat types in Kitubulu Central Forest Reserve in Central Uganda to inform conservation monitoring and sustain