Toward sustainable carbon cycling: biomass-derived materials for CO2 conversion

Global CO2 emissions have reached unprecedented levels, intensifying climate change and threatening food security, biodiversity, and agricultural sustainability. Catalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels represents a promising strategy toward carbon neutrality, with thermo-, photo-, and electro-catalysis being the major approaches. However, these processes often require high energy inputs, underscoring the need for integration with renewable resources to ensure sustainable