Thermally adaptive magnetic excitation architecture for high-stability magnetorheological finishing in constrained geometries

• Planar air-gap geometry achieves >180 mT peak flux with a 4.5 mm uniform zone. • Hollow copper tube excitation remains stable below 45°C at high current. • Finite element–genetic algorithm optimizes yoke gradients for uniform fields. This investigation demonstrates a thermally adaptive magnetic excitation architecture for magnetorheological finishing (MRF), achieving previously unattainable magnetic flux stability within spatially constrained polishing environments. Three excitation configurat