Design of tunable metamaterials with active piezoelectric patches through advanced 1D models

Abstract The ability to control the dynamic response of structured materials through externally induced stress fields has received growing attention in the design of adaptive systems. This study investigates a novel approach to modulating wave propagation characteristics by exploiting stress fields generated by piezoelectric materials. A refined electromechanical model is developed within the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), enabling a fully coupled analysis of prestressed structures through t